مروری سیستماتیک بر روشهای سنتی و جدید تشخیص مایکوباکتریوم توبرکلوزیس
کد: G-1170
نویسندگان: محمد طاهری © ℗, سما مکاری, مرضیه عسکری نیا
زمان بندی: زمان بندی نشده!
دانلود: دانلود پوستر
خلاصه مقاله:
خلاصه مقاله
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to be a significant global health challenge, particularly affecting populations in developing countries. Despite advancements in medical science, TB remains one of the top infectious disease killers worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective disease management, prevention of transmission, and initiation of timely treatment. This systematic review aims to examine both traditional and modern diagnostic methods for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, focusing on their sensitivity, specificity, advantages, and limitations. Methods: Traditional diagnostic methods include Sputum Smear Microscopy, which has specificity rates exceeding 90%. However, it exhibits relatively low sensitivity, ranging from 50-60%, often failing to detect cases with low bacterial loads or atypical presentations. Culture-based methods, despite being considered the gold standard for TB diagnosis due to their high sensitivity (80-85%) and 100% specificity, are notoriously time-consuming, requiring several weeks for results to be available. The Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), which has a sensitivity ranging from 70-80% and specificity between 60-90%, has significant limitations due to cross-reactivity in individuals previously vaccinated with BCG, leading to false-positive results. Results: In contrast, modern diagnostic methods have emerged, offering improved speed, accuracy, and overall efficiency. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF test is a notable advancement, demonstrating high sensitivity (85-90%) and specificity (95-99%), providing rapid results within hours, and possessing the capability to detect rifampicin resistance. Additionally, Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) showcase impressive sensitivity rates of 85-95% and specificity close to 98-99%, allowing for quicker diagnosis compared to traditional culture methods. Furthermore, Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) offer sensitivity between 80-85% and specificity of 95-99%, making them particularly useful in identifying latent TB infections. IGRAs have the advantage of producing fewer false-positive results than TST, thereby enhancing diagnostic reliability. Conclusion: While traditional diagnostic methods remain valuable, particularly in resource-limited settings where rapid testing may not be available, modern techniques significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and timeliness. The integration of these advanced diagnostic modalities contributes to improved TB control efforts worldwide. Ultimately, adopting a multi-faceted approach that incorporates both traditional and modern methods can facilitate the early detection and treatment of TB, thereby reducing its impact on global health.
کلمات کلیدی
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Traditional methods Modern diagnostic Sensitivity Specificity
